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Gruppo di
Trieste: Christopher Taylor, AA.VV.,
Margherita Ulrych |
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Prof.Cristopher John Taylor, Responsabile dell'unità di ricerca di Trieste |
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traccia che segue ci è stata cortesemente fornita dal Prof. Taylor
per illustrare una serie di articoli che sono presentati contestualmente
e che sono il risultato di un lavoro di équipe tra le università
di Pavia e Trieste, nell'ambito del progetto nazionale CITATAL.
The following
storyboard refers to and describes a series of articles, either published
or about to be published, which are a direct result of research carried
out within the national CITATAL project, with particular reference to
the universities of Pavia and Trieste.
The article Computer Assisted Text Analysis and Translation (characteristics of interactive, self-access computer modules incorporating a functional approach in the analysis and translation of advertising texts, due for publication in 2000 in a volume entitled 'Translation and Multilingual Text Production', eds. C. Yallop & E. Steiner, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin) is a clear example of the collaboration in research projects undertaken by the universities of Pavia and Trieste during the early phases of the CITATAL project. It consists of two parts, the first written by Christopher Taylor, the second by Anthony Baldry, the latter representing a logical progression both from the theoretical viewpoint and from the technological viewpoint from the former. In Part One Taylor presents the theoretical background underpinning the creation of the software application in hypertext (HyperContext) designed for students of text analysis and translation. The program takes the user/student through a multimodal text analysis of a glossy advertisement for a car based largely on the canons of systemic-functional linguistics in the Hallidayan tradition, and applies this analysis to the translation of this short yet complete text. The student interacts with the computer via the usual hypertext modalities, clicking on the appropriate button in order to gain information and answer questions to check his/her progress. He/she is able finally to attempt a translation of the text through both multiple choice and open-ended questions which the computer application is programmed to evaluate and advise upon. In Part
Two Baldry presents a similar approach to a television advertisement,
thereby moving into the field of dynamic texts and the extra dimensions
represented therein. In so doing, it constitutes an original extension
of two significant systemic-functional tools, namely metafunctional analysis
(first developed by Halliday in relation to the linguistic semiotic) and
transition-and-phase analysis (first developed by Michael Gregory in relation
to (mainly) literary texts). That is the extension of these tools to this
kind of text is original and has to our knowledge only been undertaken
so far by the members of the CITATAL group.
The strand of research referred to in the CATAT article has since given way to a broader approach to the analysis and translation of multimodal and multimedia texts. The article, The Subtitling of Film; reaching another community, in 'Discourse and Community; Doing Functional Linguistics', ed. E. Ventola, Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen, 2000, reiterates the importance of the systemic-functional approach to text analysis adopted in the initial phases of this branch of the CITATAL project, and for the first time brings subtitles into the equation as an effective tool in the translation of dynamic multimodal texts. The various strategies adopted in the translation of texts for subtitles, with particular reference to the works of Gottlieb (1992, 1994, 1995) are presented in relation to Nanni Moretti's film 'Caro Diario' and attention is paid to the interpersonal as well as the ideational nature of video text (i.e. a further application of metafunctional analysis to video texts) .
The concept of film as a multimedia text form, a complex semiotic event, is further explored in Chapter 4 of Massed Medias: Linguistic Tools for Interpreting Media Discourse, Look Who's Talking: An analysis of film dialogue as a variety of spoken discourse, L. Haarman, L. Lombardo, J. Morley & C. Taylor, LED, Milano, 1999. In this case the accent is firmly placed on the difficulties involved in creating spontaneous, natural-sounding dialogue, the only semiotic modality as yet 'acted upon' in the process of film translation.
The above theme is expanded in the article The Translation of Film Dialogue, in Textus, Vol. XII, No. 2, eds. S. Bassnett, R.M. Bollettieri Bosinelli & M. Ulrych, Tilgher, Genova, 1999, where the further problem of translating this artificially created dialogue into another language is addressed. While the other semiotic modalities present in any multimodal text such as film (pictures, colour, music, background noise, gestures, movement, camera angles, etc.) are very much the subject of the Pavia-Trieste joint research work, the dialogue as such is given particular importance in the article In Defence of the Word: Subtitles as conveyors of meaning and guardians of culture, published in 'La traduzione multimediale: Quale traduzione per quale testo?' CLUEB, Bologna, 2000.
The other semiotic modalities mentioned above, very much the subject of the ongoing research work, have already been tackled, firstly in a workshop presentation (The Textual Analysis, Translation and Adaptation for Subtitling of the British Soap Opera 'Eastenders' during the International Systemic-Functional Lingustics Conference held in Singapore in July 1999, and in the article The Subtitling of Film Dialogue: an economic use of language, presented at the XIX Convegno AIA L'economia dell letteratura, lingua e cultura nei paesi anglofoni. An episode of the BBC soap opera 'Eastenders' is analysed, again in a hypertext environment including a text analysis and the translation of extracts of the series in subtitle form. The choice of this particular genre is partly in recognition of the fact that the imminent digital revolution will probably result in television companies opting for subtitles as a translation strategy for the vast amount of material that will become available in the English language, especially those programmes that are broadcast frequently, if only for reasons of cost. The research undertaken and to be undertaken thus also sees the creation of the 'subtitler' as a professional figure, a person able to analyse varied forms of televised/film material and translate them for local needs, respecting the multimedia nature of such texts and their manifold semiotic modalities - their many 'ways of meaning'.
The work that has been carried out in Trieste and Pavia in the field of translation studies is part of a wider attempt to develop the multimodal syllabus and to introduce it into the University curriculum in the belief that such a syllabus can bring benefits in specific sectors. Such a syllabus can usefully taken the form of a self-directed module (e.g. on subtitling for specialist students of language and translation, on multimodal linguistics in general for non specialist students). Research into multimodal syllabus design, undertaken within the CITATAL Project mainly by Baldry, Taylor and Thibault, is described more fully by Anthony Baldry in the Introduction to 'Multimodality and multimediality in the distance learning age' (Anthony Baldry, ed. In Press, Campobasso: Palladino Editore). The efforts to develop a multimodal syllabus are also reflected in the presentations given by the various members of the CITATAL group working on multimodality in the ISFC (International Systemic Functional Congresses) held in the last four years: ISFC 24 (Toronto, 1997) Baldry's presentation of the multimodal page, ISFC 25 (Cardiff, 1998) Taylor/Baldry's presentation of the multimodal video, ISFC 26 (Singapore, 1999) Thibault/Baldry/Taylor's presentation of the multimodal transcription, ISFC 27 (Melbourne, 2000), Thibault/Baldry/Taylor's presentation of the multimodal corpus.
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Altri materiali prodotti dal gruppo di Trieste Nell'ambito del progetto CITATAL l'unità di ricerca di Trieste ha prodotto un corpus di copioni cinematografici e pubblicitari e uno di trascrizioni multimodali di cui proponiamo qui alcuni esempi (formato .zip). Chi fosse interessato all'intero corpus può rivolgersi direttamente al Prof. Taylor presso l'Università degli Studi di Trieste. Margherita Ulrych, gruppo di Trieste La Proff.ssa Margherita Ulrych ha raccolto un corpus parallelo di inglese e italiano parlato, scaricabile da qui. Erik Castello, gruppo di Padova Il dott. Castello ha raccolto un corpus di volantini turistici di diversi tipi in lingua inglese. Solo per una parte dei testi raccolti (scarica formato .zip) è stato possibile ottenere il diritto di utilizzo da parte dei detentori del diritto d'autore. Katherine Ackerley, gruppo di Padova La dott.ssa Katherine Ackerley, CEL di lingua inglese presso le Facoltà di Agraria, Scienze Forestali e Scienze Ambientali, ha creato - nell'ambito del progetto CITATAL - un corpus di articoli in inglese per agraria, una parte del quale (per motivi di diritto d'autore) è scaricabile in formato .zip e un sito guida per gli studenti delle sue materie. Il sito si chiama "English for Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Sciences" ed è visitabile cliccando qui. Prof. Brunetti, gruppo di Padova Il Prof. Giuseppe Brunetti, ordinario di Lingua e Letteratura Inglese presso l'Università degli Studi di Padova ha coordinato una serie di tesi che hanno dato origine ad un cospicuo corpus di testi in inglese antico, medio e moderno, che sarà possibile scaricare in formato .zip. Prof. Carol Taylor, gruppo di Padova La Prof.ssa Carol Taylor ha creato e sperimentato una serie di tags utilizzabili per l'analisi sistemico-funzionale del testo e leggibili tramite il programma WordSmith. Il documento contenente i tag può essere scaricato da qui. Sara Gesuato, gruppo di Padova La Dott.ssa Sara Gesuato ha creato un corpus di lettere di richiesta di assunzione (formato .zip) di cui offre questa presentazione: "My corpus consists of 70 job application letters for a position as a public relations assistant, randomly selected from a set of 8222. They were received at a San Francisco marketing firm in answer to an ad that it had placed in the local newspapers twice in 1996, once in March and once in May. I happened to gather this corpus basically by chance while I was working as an intern for this marketing firm. At the time, I did not have any specific research purpose in mind. I was motivated simply by a generic interest in verbal activities and by a desire not to pass up the opportunity to gather real linguistic data. Given that it was, thus, a chance collection, not a priori motivated by a specific line of research, I had no control over the size or quality of the corpus itself. The specific characteristics of my corpus determine both its limitations and its strengths. In terms of the content they communicate, and more generally in terms of the context of situation in which they were produced, my letters represent a relatively small and fairly homogeneous subset of the job application letter genre; the letters I have collected are all in English, addressed to the same personnel recruiter, mailed (and thus presumably also written) over the same two, chronologically close periods of time, all inquiring about the same vacancy in the same workplace, and equally distributed between genders: written approximately half by women (i.e. 39 out of 82, i.e., 47.5%), half by men (38 out of 82, i.e., 46.3%), and 5 of uncertain gender attribution (i.e., 6.2%). This corpus, therefore, makes it impossible for me to compare and contrast, for example, writing styles from different periods of time that might shed light on the evolution of the job application genre. Nor is it possible to conduct a cross-cultural comparison of the genre in different speech communities. It is not even possible to know to what extent the characteristics of my corpus are to be ascribed to the general properties of the genre or, instead, to what extent the content and form of the letters in my corpus are determined by the specific subject-matter and circumstances of their writing [...]". Elena Azzolin, gruppo di Padova La Dott.ssa Elena Azzolin ha contribuito al progetto CITATAL con la creazione di un sito interattivo di approfondimento sull'uso dell'articolo in inglese. Francesca Alò, gruppo di Padova La Dott.ssa Alò ha creato un corpus di 1000 proverbi inglesi che ha analizzato nella sua tesi di laurea in una prospettiva sistemico-funzionale. I proverbi sono stati analizzati e taggati in base ai seguenti aspetti: argomento, processi, paratassi-ipotassi-embedding, mood e forme verbali. Il corpus è liberamente scaricabile in formato .zip. Anthony Baldry, gruppo di Pavia e Paul J. Thibault, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia 400 Pages on multimodality and multimediality in the distance learning age! Anthony Baldry,
University of Pavia, and Paul Thibault, University of Venice, have worked
together within the Pavia section of the CITATAL project to develop analyses
of film media based on linguistic and semiotic theory. Film studies have
not always responded to this type of analysis but the multimodal approach,
with its capacity to capture even the most apparently insignificant of
details, seems to stand up well. The files are arranged in chronological
order of development recording the progress we have made, which includes
the development of an entirely new discipline: multimodal corpus linguistics.
Our efforts have been presented in many countries: Australia, Italy, Finland,
Great Britain and have thus benefited from our interactions with other
scholars. Our thanks go to Michele Beltrami, Alessandro Caglio and Marco
Piastra for permission to include technical reports on the software tools
for multimodality and multimediality that they have developed and similarly
to Maria Pavesi, Chris Taylor and Mersini Karagvrekis who advised us constantly
and helped us present our materials on a number of occasions. Corpus parallelo inglese-italiano di ambito medico-scientifico. Per eseguirlo è necessario scaricare il programma e seguire attentamente le istruzioni di installazione contenute nel file readme.txt. Scarica formato .zip
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